Napoleon Bonaparte
(French: Napoleon Bonaparte, born August 15, 1769, Ajaccio, Corsica - d. May 5, 1821, the island of Saint Helena), later known as Napoleon I and di Buonaparte caNapoleone originally was a military and political leader of France, whose actions have influenced European politics from the early nineteenth century. Born in Corsica and specialized profile artillery officer in mainland France, Bonaparte became known during the First French Republic and the needle.
He was king of France, who consolidated and institutionalized many reforms of the French Revolution.
One of the greatest military commanders of all time, he conquered much of Europe and did much to modernize the nation he ruled.
FAMILY
Under his father's influence, Napoleon was educated at the expense of King Louis XVI, at Brienne and the École Militaire in Paris. He graduated in 1785 and at 16 joined the artillery as a second lieutenant. After the French Revolution began, he became a lieutenant colonel (1791) in the Corsican National Guard. In 1793, Corsica declared independence, and Bonaparte, French patriot and Republican, fled to France with his family.
I was given a captain in the army struggling Toulon where a fleet of English, was at war with France. Replacing a wounded artillery general, he placed the guns so that the English fleet was defeated and Toulon fell. As a result Bonaparte was promoted to brigadier general at age 24. In 1795 he saved the revolutionary government by insurgents of Paris spread.In 1796 he married Josephine de Beauharnais, widow of an aristocrat guillotined in the Revolution and the mother of two children.
Napoleon's decline.
In 1812 Napoleon, whose alliance with Alexander I had disintegrated, launched an invasion of Russia, which ended in a disastrous retreat from Moscow. After that, all Europe united against him. In April 1814, his marshals refused to continue fighting. After the allies had rejected in favor of his son, Napoleon abdicated unconditionally and was exiled to Elba in the Mediterranean. Louis Marie and their son, were put under the custody of her father, Emperor of Austria.
In 1815 he escaped from Elba, reached France, and marched on Paris, defeated the troops sent to capture him. In Paris, he promulgated a new constitution more democratic and the old veterans of the campaign came together under his leadership. Napoleon asked peace of the allies, but they refused him and he decided to strike first. The result was that the campaign in Belgium and the defeat farsit at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815.In Paris, crowds begged to continue fighting, but the politicians withdrew their support. Napoleon fled to Rochefort, where he taught English captain, Bellerophon. He was then exiled to St. Helena in the Atlantic where he remained until his death on 5 May 1821.
French Revolution
A worsening economic situation izbugnit under the masses of the progress the idea of nation, the acute need to create a national market. Until the French Revolution, Europe was dominated by absolutist monarchs, that is schemes in which all political power was held by the king. It was a society based on privilege nobilar birth.
Only nobles had access to senior administration and military and were exempt from paying taxes. Driving force in the revolution around the state attended the third (middle class, urban masses and the peasantry) was the bourgeoisie, and the main social force represented a broad popular movement.Constituent Assembly voted the abolition of feudal privileges (August 4. 1789), adopted the "Declaration of Human Rights and the Citizen" (26 aug.1789) and the first constitution of bourgeois France (September 3. 1791).
Images of Napoleon
Andra Frînculescu - clasa a VII-a C
